Capacitors are essential electronic components that store and release electrical energy in circuits. They consist of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material (dielectric), allowing them to hold an electric charge. Capacitors are used to smooth power supply fluctuations, filter signals, and store energy for short periods. They come in various types, such as ceramic, electrolytic, and tantalum, each suited for different applications. Capacitors are widely used in power management, signal processing, and timing circuits, making them integral in devices like power supplies, audio systems, and communication equipment.